Ross McKitrick and Tom Adams have authored What Goes Up…Ontario’s Soaring Electricity Prices and How to Get Them Down for The Fraser Institute. It purports to be an analysis of the effect government contracts with electricity producers have had on Ontario's power bills. According to McKitrick and Adams, a large portion of the increase in these bills is due to the Green Energy Act, and in particular to the installation of wind farms that the act encouraged. Response to the study has been limited, but typically uncritical . The Canadian Wind Energy Association has promised a rebuttal, but until that happens I thought I would offer a few thoughts of my own.
The study offers an econometric model designed to explain the "Global Adjustment", which is a monthly charge added to Ontario power bills to pay for the cost for providing both adequate generating capacity and conservation programs. The GA has been rising over the past decade or so, even as the market driven portion of the bill, the Hourly Ontario Energy Price or HOEP, has fallen. At the same time, the installed capacity of wind and has also risen and so, naturally enough, has been the urge to link these facts together.
Now, without getting too deep into the weeds, the companies that contract with the Ontario government to provide the province its electricity can get paid for their actual generation of energy, or for that plus their capacity to generate energy. From the report:
Or do they?
Adams and McKitrick fire up their econometric model and use it to crank out a couple of tables. This fellow thinks they contain an error or two, but for my purposes such details aren't really that important. Their first attempt at running the model is represented by Table 3 in the report.
You can read what they say about Table 3 through the link, but the bottom line is that they don't like the result it gives them for wind energy; it is not sufficiently alarming.
So Adams and McKtrick decide to give their model a tweak, which they justify as follows: even though wind generators don't officially get paid for capacity, the global adjustment "behaves" as though they did. They then provide the following scatterplot as supplying "correlational evidence" for this argument:
What this purports to show us is that where we have greater wind capacity, we have a higher Global Adjustment.
But of course we already know this because, as I noted above, we already know during the last decade or so both installed wind capacity and the GA have increased concurrently. And if you look at the data from whence the chart was derived--this for the GA, and this for wind capacity--it's just basic time-series stuff. What the GA was at a certain date; how much wind capacity was installed at a specific date. And so if you graphically represented this information as a time-series chart rather than a scattergram you would get a graph with two lines on it, one representing the GA and one wind capacity. They would both start low on the y axis at earlier dates and rise gradually as you moved date by date along the x axis, closer and closer to the present. Which, again, we knew already.
But does this mean that the installed capacity of wind was responsible for the increase in the GA? Well, no: correlation is not causation, as they say. Furthermore, according to earlier statements by one of the report authors, the price increases in electricity previous to 2013-2014 cannot be put at the feet of wind energy:
[Tom] Adams said the real effect of the wind and solar investments on bills has yet to sting ratepayers but will drive up prices over the next few years.
So it is difficult for me to see why he would change his tune based on a single graph containing no new information.
But onward and upward! Tom and Ross adjust their model for the assumption that wind generators also get paid for capacity. And hey presto! we get Table 4! Suddenly wind-power is driving the increase in the GA.
But there is a problem with this reasoning. Though the model assumes that wind generators get paid both for capacity and generation, there are no contracts out there with this in their terms. Therefore Adams and McKitrick have to postulate a series of secret contracts, side deals, off-the-books stuff.
So wind drives the GA only if a conspiracy theory they are offering turns out to be true; that is, if the Ontario government has made undisclosed arrangements with the wind companies which, if brought to light, would make up the difference between Table 3 and Table 4. Not that they offer any evidence of such deals in their report (though I should say that Tom has made a few arm-wavy gestures on twitter:
@Bigcitylib2 e.g. Samsung securing transmission access directives + adders for wind/solar before even being on the Lobbyist Registry
— Tom Adams (@tomadamsenergy) October 30, 2014
).
And I suppose further investigation might turn up such evidence. But at the moment the McKitrick/Adams conspiracy theory is just an unsupported assumption needed to justify the result they would prefer their model gave them.
